Tor is used by political dissidents worldwide to hide their location. Much like typewriters and printing presses, Tor can be used for good or evil. It’s important to note this final hop is not encrypted. It is routed anonymously through the network and the very last node, the “exit node” uses an unencrypted link to communicate with a destination server outside the Tor network. When using the Tor browser, traffic is encrypted between the browser and the Tor network. As traffic passes through nodes in the Tor network, a layer of encryption is stripped off at each node, much like the layers of an onion. Tor encrypts traffic using a layering scheme which is where the Onion metaphor comes from. This prevents anyone from knowing where the traffic was sent from and where it is going to. No one server knows the entire path your traffic takes through the network. On the network, any given server only knows about the server that it received data from and the next server in the chain where it will send data to. Once a path has been established through the network, your packets are routed from one server to the next. This path routes your traffic through several Tor servers and the path is random and changes every 10 minutes.
It will then establish a path or circuit through the Tor network. If you are using Tor to connect to a server, your browser will establish an encrypted link with a Tor server. As we mentioned above, Tor can be used by many applications, but let’s use a web browser as an example. Tor routes traffic through the Tor network. Applications like instant messaging, Internet Relay Chat (IRC) and web browsers can all use Tor to anonymously route traffic across the Internet. If an application wants to use the Tor network to anonymously route traffic, it talks to the Tor network using the SOCKS protocol. It can be used by many applications that want to anonymously route traffic. Tor is not just used for browsing the Web. The Tor network consists of Tor relays that route traffic. The Tor network gives users a way to hide their location and hide which services they use or visit online. Tor is a project that has created a network for routing anonymous traffic. The name Tor comes from “The Onion Router” which was the early project name when it launched in 2002. We have compiled a list of Tor Frequently Asked Questions to try to efficiently address some of the more common questions that site administrators have about Tor. Site owners concerned about security and privacy frequently have questions about Tor, the anonymity network and the applications like the Tor web browser that use the Tor network.
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